Nursing Theory Essay Example

Nursing Theory Paper Merriam Webster characterizes the word hypothesis as a conviction, strategy, or system proposed or followed as the premise of activity. There are different classes of speculations acknowledged and rehearsed all through the world and all through expert practices today. One case of a kind of hypothesis is a nursing hypothesis. Be that as it may, some probably won't be completely mindful of what a nursing hypothesis involves, instances of such, and the significance of nursing speculations. This paper will clarify these issues. What is a nursing hypothesis? A nursing hypothesis is an articulation that has emerged from a philosophical point of view that clarifies a few wonders. In general, it is utilized to portray the collection of information that is utilized to help nursing practice. It consolidates investigations and examination to characterize nursing and nursing practice; moreover, it offers motivation to the acknowledged rules that structure the reason for training, and objectives and elements of nursing (Wesley, 1995). Fundamentally, a nursing hypothesis empowers comprehension of what, how, and why attendants keep on rehearsing. What is the starting point of a nursing hypothesis? The main scholar to unmistakably express a job of medical caretakers was Florence Nightingale. Before she built up her nursing hypothesis, the essential job of the medical caretaker was to simply mind of the patient as endorsed by the specialists orders. Songbird had the option to grow the nursing calling making it particular from the clinical calling. Her first hypotheses were created and distributed in a book named Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not in 1859. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nursing Theory explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Nursing Theory explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Nursing Theory explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Through Florence Nightingales unique work, medical caretakers understood that essentially rewarding patients dependent on their illness was not an agreeable method of going to quiet mind, and, rather, they ought to make an all encompassing appraisal (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2009). Now the expression nursing hypothesis has been depicted and a background marked by it has been introduced; in any case, there are a few distinctive nursing speculations that are utilized today. This paper will talk about a couple of normal hypotheses and their practices. One case of a nursing hypothesis would be one Florence Nightingale made named Environmental Theory. This was utilized to characterize nursing as the demonstration of using the earth of the patient to help him in his recuperation. It centers around changing and controlling the earth so as to place the patient in the most ideal conditions for nature to act. Nursing hypothesis has developed on various levels in the previous fifty years. While the facts demonstrate that Florence Nightingale is ordinarily perceived and acknowledged as the organizer of present day nursing, she was essentially ready to give the initial move towards forming nursing into the all encompassing calling it is today. There are various speculations and models of nursing that have created after her time. One such case of these hypotheses is one that was produced by Dorothea Orem and named the Self-Care Theory. She had the option to utilize this hypothesis to characterize nursing as, the demonstration of helping others in the arrangement and the executives of self-care to keep up/improve human working at home degree of viability. This hypothesis centers around exercises that grown-up people perform for their own benefit to look after life, wellbeing and prosperity. Ultimately, Hildegard Peplau utilized her Interpersonal Relations Theory to state that nursing is a developing power and an educative instrument. Indeed, she characterized nursing utilizing her hypothesis as, a relational procedure of restorative collaborations between an Individual who is wiped out or needing wellbeing administrations and an attendant particularly taught to perceive, react to the requirement for help (Parker, 2006). A couple of instances of nursing hypotheses have been examined; anyway the topic of why these speculations are applicable in nursing practice today ought to be replied. Nursing speculations give a structure to medical caretakers to organize their nursing activities: what to ask, what to watch, what to concentrate on and what to think about. They give a system to grow new and approve current information. They help to portray, clarify, anticipate and recommend. Nursing Theory is utilized to characterize shared characteristics of the factors in an expressed field of request, manage nursing exploration and activities, foresee practice results, and anticipate customer reaction. Hypothesis is utilized to portray, clarify, foresee and recommend (Parker, 2006). The nursing speculations that are accessible today all have great thinking to their practices. Every one individualizes the requirements of the patients and what ought to be never really care for every patient. Notwithstanding, in my ongoing examination of nursing scholars I have been keen on the hypothesis by Patricia Benner. Her book named From Novice to Expert clarifies Benners see that mindful is an essential segment in the hypothesis of expertise securing. She depicts nursing as an empowering state of association and concern (Marriner-Tomey, 1989, p. 192) which suggests a significant level of enthusiastic inclusion in the medical attendant patient relationship (Benner, 1984). Benner talks about the intensity of mindful and depicts the mindful job as including the ideas of transformative force, integrative mindful, promotion, mending power, participative/certifiable force, and critical thinking (Benner, 1984). She stands firm in her conviction that that nursing care is more than the use of minor aptitude; it is social and includes the medical attendants reaction as a person, first, and afterward optionally, in the nursing job (Benner, 1984). By and large, Benner had the option to build up a nursing hypothesis that included the all encompassing consideration for the patient through an inside and out medical attendant customer relationship. Through this relationship the requirements of the patient can be distinguished and organized to give the best nursing care to that person. This paper had the option to portray what a nursing hypothesis involves and its inception, instances of such, and the importance of nursing speculations. By and large, a nursing hypothesis clarifies the information that is utilized to help the nursing practice and there have been nurture from the beginning of time with their very own perspectives on what nursing intended to them and how they were going to center their training. In any case, regardless of what every hypothesis involved, each hypothesis had the option to conceptualize in valuable manners and thoughts that assist make with detecting of what they do as medical attendants. Reference Benner, Patricia. (1984). From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. , Nursing Division. Florence Nightingale: Notes on Nursing. Reference book Britannica Online. 2009. Reference book Britannica. 26 May 2009 http://search. eb. com/ladies/article-9404148. Marriner-Tomey, A. (1989). Nursing scholars and Their Work (second ed. ). St. Louis: C. V. Mosby. Parker, Marilyn E. , (2006). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practices. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. Hypothesis. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Recovered May 27, 2009, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/word reference/hypothesis Wesley, R. L. (1995). Nursing hypotheses and models. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse

International Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Worldwide Accounting Standards - Essay Example The reasonable worth framework has all together improved the data to the individual clients of the economy. Worldwide Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS): IFRS is a private segment association which is working for the enthusiasm of open. The fundamental destinations of IFRS establishment are: 1) It makes a solitary arrangement of value which is reasonable and enforceable around the world. The standard setting body that helps in figuring the norms for the association is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). 2) They are answerable for advancing the utilization and use of those guidelines. 3) They are responsible for revealing the budgetary needs of the little and medium estimated organizations. 4) They are additionally liable for shielding the working of IASB in this manner guaranteeing the financing of the association. The Trustees of the association are responsible for Monitoring Board of the Public Authorities (IFRS Foundation. 2013k). Worldwi de Accounting Standards Board: IASB is the standard setting body under the administration of IFRS Foundation. ... 2013g). There are scarcely any standard setting obligations which IASB needed to satisfy. In doing as such, it needs to experience an open and careful procedure which is additionally straightforward for open remark and conversation in papers or presentation to drafts. It associates effectively with the partners around the world. Like the experts, controllers, speculators, business pioneers and bookkeeping standard setters. Reasonable Value: IFRS 13 has characterized reasonable incentive as the value that is â€Å"received to offer an advantage or paid to move an obligation in a deliberate exchange between showcase members at the estimation dates† (IFRS Foundation, 2013e). The reasonable worth framework sets a solitary IFRS system for estimating the reasonable worth. Subsequent to estimating it is unveiled to the general population. Here, IFRS assumes a significant job in overseeing and estimating the reasonable worth framework. Supporting the goals of the IFRS Foundation: The exercises that are embraced by the IFRS Foundation for satisfying the destinations of association are taken consideration by the staffs of IFRS Foundation. Those exercises incorporated the accompanying: 1) The significant movement of IFRS establishment was to furnish the overall capital market with a typical language of budgetary announcing. Subsequently XBRL scientific classification is made by IFRS for the SMEs to encourage electronic use, similarity and trade of the budgetary information which are set up as indicated by the IFRS standards. The movement is executed by the IFRS XBRL colleagues. They are liable for keeping up and creating XBRL portrayals of IFRS which is known as the IFRS scientific classification. Scientific classifications are the sorted out arrangement plans which are likewise â€Å"computer clear dictionaries† (IFRS Foundation, 2013a) 2) They are engaged with creation of good quality and up to dated materials which

36 Units of Class

36 Units of Class The last time that we blogged about our academics was in June. We had just finished sophomore year, confused about What We Want To Do With Our Lives, and eager to figure things out. For those that haven’t read it yet and don’t have time to (since it’s kind of long), the gist is we were considering whether we should continue doing computer science stuff (by sticking with our current major in 21E) or should stop doing computer science stuff (by switching to CMS). At the end of that post, we concluded that the only thing we can do is to take things one semester at a time. And this is our first semester doing just that. We actually have made jokes about it, how we won’t actually know what we ended up majoring in until graduation day. We’d open our diploma folders, read our degrees, and be like “lol so that’s what it is… nice!” Anyways, we decided that we wanted to take another  semester to see how we’re feeling about this dilemma, before making any drastic changes. So, for now, we’re taking the path of least resistance, and sticking with 21E. 6.031 Elements of Software Construction 15 units 6.UAT Oral Communication 9 units CMS.URG CMS UROP for credit 12 units As you can see, we are only taking 3 classes (or 36 units in MIT talk) this semester! But it’s still an immense amount of work, because 031 is a struggle bus if there ever was one. Plus we’re both doing another UROP for pay (blog post about both of the UROPs to come!). But even though we are still really busy this semester, we’ve been feeling like we do have more time to breathe. And it’s really refreshing. We could have each taken an extra CMS class. CMS.618 (Interactive Narrative) and CMS.627 (Imagination, Computation, and Expression Studio) sounded super cool. We were each registered for one of the two… for basically the first week of classes. Until, we realized that we really wanted to spend those 12 units on Life, instead. And to us that means being able to spend more time with friends. It means being able to sleep more. It means making time for exercise (while completing our PE requirements). It means making time for family. It means making time for relaxing, and learning to relax, because after our first two years here, we kinda forgot what that even feels like. Freshman and sophomore year, especially sophomore year, were really hard. Like really really hard. Like going-to-bed-at-3am-is-an-accomplishment hard Because 5am-is-becoming-pretty-standard hard And waking-up-in-time-for-your-9am-class-that-you-slept-through-consistently-for-the-past-month-is-a-miracle hard And accidently-quadruple-booking-yourself-and-forgetting-about-all-four-things hard Because you’re-too-busy-trying-to-prevent-your-already-late-pset-from-being-more-late hard And The-list-of-challenges-can-fill-up-this-whole-post-so-we’ll-stop-here hard We really wanted something to be different this semester. When choosing our classes, we thought that taking 36 units (the minimum number of units to be considered a full time student) might be the solution. But we feared the stigma associated with the word “minimum”, and had hesitations. Being in a place, filled with overachievers, filled with many people who really embody the word maximum, made it difficult for us to go through with this plan. But we are so, so glad we did. This semester, we have been trying to expand our definition of “productivity.” Whereas in previous semesters, we associated number of classes and clubs and projects with productivity, this semester, we are also associating hours of sleep, frequency of seeing our friends, how many times we call our parents, exercise, and doing whatever else makes us happy with productivity. And this mindset has really made us enjoy this semester so far! And with that, we will provide evidence of the change. This time last year we were in the middle of juggling waaaay too much and wrote about how we had to miss the annual dorm sponsored apple picking trip because of it. This year, were writing a very different post. Post Tagged #apple picking #sleep is good

Success for Public Health Care Organizations Essay

Introduction In order for public health organizations to be successful, they first need to fully understand the definition of knowledge in its multiple dimensions. Understanding various relationships and factors related to knowledge-value chain will facilitate emergence of real changes in health care organizations. The concept of ‘evidence-based medicine’ has been a prevailing method in practicing medicine in the health care industry since its inception in the 1970s (Landry 2006). Four decades later, health care providers now encounter an immense volume of knowledge from research articles, new treatment guidelines, protocols, meta-analysis, or any other types of pertinent information to their specialties. However, providers often fail to†¦show more content†¦Although two types of knowledge (tacit and explicit) may appear to be categorized differently, author stresses that both types of knowledge need to be incorporated into clinicians’ problem solving and decision mak ing processes for patients. The second section highlights the three steps of transformation which help form knowledge. The steps include, transition from reality to data, data to information (know-what), and information to knowledge (know-how). Author also examines knowledge with a different angle of looking at potential to increase or decrease its value. Building on these core concepts, the author brings the article to a final section. He takes an in-depth look at five different relationships and capabilities that hold critical importance in knowledge-value chain. The five associations include mapping/acquisition, creating/destruction, integration/sharing/transferring, replication/protection, and lastly performance assessment/innovation. When these relationships interdepend on each other actively in great synergy, they will bring higher knowledge performance granting a higher overall value for the organization. Knowledge mapping and acquisition serves as a foundation of knowledge translation. First, public health organizations must collect, filter, understand, and learn the knowledge. With the pool of knowledge retrieved in the first step, public health organizations can create knowledge from merging tacit, explicit, internal, andShow MoreRelatedThe Core Competencies Of Public Health Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the core competencies of public health is partnership and collaboration, and over the years, the need for collaborative partnerships between primary care and public health has grown substantially. Studies have shown that collaborative partnerships between primary care and public health working together towards a common goal, is essential for improving health quality (Valaitis, 2012). Bramalea Community Health Centre (BCHC) is a non-profit organization located at 40 Finchgate Boulevard (SuiteRead MoreProfessional Knowledge and Abilities Paper1018 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 20, 2010 Career success is something that most individuals set out to accomplish at some point during their life time. Although earning a college degree or a professional certification within a certain field of study is certainly the first step to take towards career success and job fulfillment. It is none-the-less, just as significant to further one’s own skills, knowledge, and abilities by participating and getting involved in widely known organizations or associations that promoteRead MoreHistorical Perspective Of The Services Provided And The Funding Or Lack Thereof1362 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspective of the Services Provided and the Funding or Lack Thereof Planned Parenthood is an organization dedicated to fighting for women’s health and rights as well as equality (History and Success, 2015). Margaret Sanger, an activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse is credited for finding the organization. She knew the effects firsthand of what women went through when dealing with an unwanted pregnancy. Her mother birth eighteen children and out of the eighteen, eleven survived. AsRead MoreManaging Entreprise On Health Care Sector1697 Words   |  7 Pages DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 MANAGING ENTREPRISE IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR Assignment 1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME LEADER: KAYLENE TRIBE Submitted by: Ligi Varghese- CIB00002LV (2B) Submitted on: 27-02-2015 Entrepreneurship is an important elementRead MoreEntrepreneurship Marketing1735 Words   |  7 Pagescustomers and the market for a product or service is very important to achieve the success of a firm. One of the most competitive markets in the health care industry is the home health care. Because of the new laws and regulations created to fight against fraud and abuse, and to attempt to decrease the cost of health care, many home health care agencies have problems to provide high quality and cost effective care and gain profits. According to Davis, Marino, Davis (2007), the different changesRead MoreHealth Care Analysis1284 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS HCS/539 August 5, 2013 The United States has an incredibly complicated and expensive healthcare system. Many health insurers and other organizations across the country have dramatically changed the way they do business in order to stay competitive, especially with the new climate that laws such as the Affordable Health Care Act have created. These organizations have developed new strategies and processes in order to participate in the insurance exchange program and other features ofRead MoreAccountability in Health Care940 Words   |  4 Pages* * Accountability in Health Care * Erika Denton * August 31, 2011 * HCS/475 Instructor David R. Campbell * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Accountability * Accountability in health care is important for management and legal reasons. There are different areas of accountability professional competence, legal and ethical conduct, and financial performance, adequacy of access, public health promotion, and community benefitRead MoreCritical Analysis - The Models of Public Policy Essay example1278 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to William Jenkins (1989) public policy is a set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or a group of actors concerning the selection of goals and the means of achieving them within a specified situation where those situations showed in public policy be within the power of those actors to achieve. In this case, public policy involves making policies that are involved in enhancing health care reforms in the Canadian situation. Policies are often as a result of a multiple decisionsRead MoreHuman Resource Management Roles592 Words   |  3 PagesManagement’s Role in the Health Care Industry HCS/341 Human Resources in Health Care January 9, 2012 Diane Rodriguez â€Æ' Human Resource Management’s Role in the Health Care Industry Human Resource Management helps healthcare organizations maintain a great relationship between the employees and their organization. Human Resource department of an organization has multiple responsibilities and its primary purpose is to improve the productive contribution of people within an organization, whether it isRead MoreThe Leader Of The Field Of Healthcare1271 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare Rebecca Onie and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Health Lead is instrumental in creating a company which assist low-income patients in obtaining care for the main reason of him/her diseases and the best way to get assistance for low-income individuals. (Michaels, 2011). Rebecca Onie was recognized during her years as a medical student at Boston Medical Center; that individuals living in poverty have recurring illnesses due to him/her health issues. Which is triggered by inadequate living due

First amendment and thoughts about the border - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 348 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/24 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: First Amendment Essay Did you like this example? America was built on freedom. The freedom of the right to freely speak, the right to protest the government, and to gather peacefully among each other. To make sure that America will stay what it was meant to be, Americas founding fathers wrote the constitution and the bill of rights to make sure that we will always have these rights. The first amendment is very important. It states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. This is one of the most important assets to what makes America, America. I believe that using tear gas is necessary, because some of the officers were in danger, and violence had broken out. The officers were just doing there job of protecting the border, and that requires doing whatever you have to, to keep people f rom crossing illegally. They did not do any permanent damage to the people, they were just trying to defend themselves like any one of us would have. I believe a reasonable solution is that we open up more checking points and provide shelter the best we can for those people while they wait to get into the United States. These are people that have come to have a better life and everyone deserves that. We are all making it harder than it really is. They shouldnt have to go through all of this trouble. Im not saying that they shouldnt have to get checked and go through the process, but we should make it easier on them. They are already scared and we should be the ones helping them. On the other hand they should not be getting violent and trying to cross illegally. We need to come to an agreement that makes everyone happy. America is supposed to be the greatest nation of all, but right now we arent living up to what we need to be. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "First amendment and thoughts about the border" essay for you Create order

Leningrad Cemetry, Winter of 1941 Free Essays

Explication of ‘Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941’ This poem is about the World War ? especially in Leningard(1941. 09. 08~1944. We will write a custom essay sample on Leningrad Cemetry, Winter of 1941 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 01. 18) in winter of 1941. Leningrad which is now St. Petersburg is once former capital of Russia and Russian Revolution so it was strategically important place for Hitler to have war with. German army siege this city almost 900 days and over 650,000 people are dead from this war because of starvation, exposure, disease and so on. However, Leningrad did not surrender against the enemy and bear all hardships and difficulties, later called ‘city of hero’. How extremely difficult and severe situation it was in World war ? is depicted in this poem. There are a lot of dead bodies needed to be buried but impossible because ground is frozen and grave digger became weak from hunger. Also coffin could not be made because there was lack of fuel to heat and wood should be used for fuel. Instead of coffin they put the corpse on the child’s sled and take it to the cemetery. Child sled is the symbol of joy and happiness in winter snow but in the war time that kind of joy is disappeared but only degenerated to tool of moving the dead body. There are some analogies with the dead. First they are metaphored as ‘tree’s ball of roots when it waits to be planted’ and cocoons that will split down the center when the new life inside is prepared’. Those are very similar to appearance of the dead and characteristics such as stiffness however it also contains the meaning of life and prosperity. In contrast, the expression of ‘pale gauze, tapered shapes’ make us think of mummies. Writer tried to mummify and dehumanize the dead. Furthermore, ‘naked calves hard as corded wood spilling’ means piled corpses like stiff, dry wood with no life. Contrast in the metaphors tells us that the dead once having had vibrant life and had desire to restore vitality inevitably became very cold, rigid, abandoned dead body. ‘From under a cloak, a hand reaching out’ means that they are not ready to die and want to live more. Speaker of this poem is third person narrator so hard to know the dead’s mind exactly however we could analogize their thoughts on their death. They would want to come back to life even if they have to eat the bread made of glue and sawdust and live in the severe cold and siege. ‘Bread made of glue and sawdust’ is nonsense but it means stale bread that is so dry and hard to eat. Narrator says having a life is better than death even if it becomes hard or difficult. It shows us that they really didn’t want to die in the war and life is so precious itself. It is composed of only one stanza. It makes reader to be focused on the situation that writer explain with tension. Omniscient third person narrator speaks in the poem so we could not hear their direct voice but relying on what speaker says. Thesedays, there are still many threats on war outbreaks but as a generation not experiencing war yet, we have tendency to consider war as relatively light event and are not so alert or worrying compared to old generation. This poem reminds us with extreme hardships stealing a lot of innocent people’s lives that war can bear and arouse our attention again on the war. How to cite Leningrad Cemetry, Winter of 1941, Essay examples

Report on Hazard Management

Question: Write about theReport on Hazard Management. Answer: Introduction Beyond petroleum formerly known as British petroleum is multinational oil and Gas Company founded in the year 1909 and it is headquartered in London. It is one of the largest energy companies in the world with around 79,800 employees operating in 70 countries (BP, 2017). Beyond Petroleum have various brand in the portfolio which includes its standard BP products such as transport fuels, chemicals and alternative sources of energy. Castrol motor oil being the other product brand was acquired by BP in the year 2002 whose products are sold in over 150 countries. The third one brand Aral, apart from being the traditional automotive fuel supplier they have diversified in providing quality food in their onsite cafes Petit Bistros in Germany and is the third largest fast food retailer after McDonalds and burger king. They have also opened their convenience stores at select gas stations under the brand name of ampm and Wild bean caf situated at various BP connect stations which provides quic k snacks and beverage services to their customers (BP, 2017). Like their name Beyond Petroleum they have come a long way by just being an energy company to an emerging winner in the fast food caf chains. They aim to deliver excellent customer service by being a value driven organization. Their core values includes: Safety of their workforce and environment, Respect the world in which operates by complying with the laws and regulations and practicing ethical standards, Excellence in management operations, Courage in achieving the best and the last one being working as a team to achieve organizational goals (BP, 2017). Workplace Accidents at BP They have tried their best to be the sustainable energy organization but still the company has witnessed the maximum number of workplace hazards and disaster in the history. To name a few incidents are: In the year 2005 there was an explosion in the Texas City refinery of BP which killed15 men and injuring around 180 workers. This was considered as one of the worst accidents in the history of US. It was the third largest refinery in the US. The reason that caused such major blowout was a hydrocarbon vapor was ignited due to the overflow of fuel from the blow down stack and later the cloud was exploded (The Telegraph, 2012). Occupation safety and health and administration, US initiated a National Emphasis program which aims to check the safety culture of all the oil refineries after the Texas refinery incidence. During investigation it was found out that there have been certain compliance issues on the part of BP for which BP imposed a $3 million penalty for that violation. The failure to learn from past hazards and accidents has claimed many human lives and there can be no compensation for such damages (OSHA, 2010). During investigation it was found out that that the workers were not removed from the refinery unit at the time of starting and closing of the refinery which was very dangerous. The second major accident rather a disaster was happened on April 20, 2010 in the Mexico oil gulf. It was considered as one of the biggest disaster in the history. British Petroleum to extract crude oil from the beds of Gulf of Mexico leased an oil rig from the Transocean (Ingersoll, Reavis Locke, 2012). There was an explosion on the oil platform which resulted into the spilling of around 4.9 million barrel of oil in the sea. This explosion risked the lives of 126 workers which were present on board and among these 126, 11 died on the spot and 17 were seriously injured. This disaster was not something which cannot be prevented, there were many loopholes found in the safety system of BP which contributed in the disaster. The third instance happened at the Pinon gas compression station owned by BP (Rodenbaugh Benjamin, 2012). The reason for the blast was a pressurized device which was exploded during a routine maintenance operation on a pipeline. Due this Unfortunate accident one worker lost his life and two workers were seriously injured. Beyond petroleum safety culture has been critically questioned. There are only few incidences listed here but they have a long list of such safety related incidences which not only cost the organization financially but also cost human lives (McNulty, 2007).. Causes of Workplace Accidents Workplace accidents do not happen unplanned. There are several factors which contribute to the occurrences of such accidents. It may not be possible to avoid such disasters or accidents but the damage can be minimized by taking necessary safety actions and promoting a strong safety culture in the organization. The main reason which can be held responsible for any accident is the negligence on the part of the authority and failure to address identified safety issues at the workplace. There are reasons which can be identified as the main causes of any workplace hazards. Human error: It has been seen in most of the situations that accidents occur due to the negligence of individuals. Both of the explosion occurred at the oil refineries of BP would have been avoided or at least damage could have been minimized. The explosion at Gulf of Mexico can be seen as a clear example. During a safety check conducted, there were around 390 maintenance issues identified which were not corrected. It was also found out that the safety device was not working and the officials and technicians had a fair idea about this and a 450 ton hydraulic device which was responsible for preventing oil spilling out from the drill hole was not working. Such human error rather violations can cost human lives and severe environmental damage. Human negligence and mistakes can be identified and avoided. There should be safety awareness in every individual working in the organization. Attention and action towards the problem at the right time can help to prevent future accidents. Safety issues should be seen as a priority and should be fixed immediately (HSE, 2005). Safety training: It is the responsibility of the employer to provide workplace training to the employees. The chemical industry in which the beyond petroleum operates is very vulnerable and prone to many risks and hazards. In order to deal with any accidents, the workers have to understand and identify the possible factors contributing in a severe workplace accident. The workers should be trained to mitigate such life hazards. Offshore drilling is a very complex and dangerous process. It involves risks such as explosion, poison gas, slipping and tripping and falling from heights, Electrocution etc. The people working at the work station should be trained to prevent and cope with such situation. When there was an explosion at both of the refineries the workers were not trained and prepared and therefore they were not able to take any steps to prevent the blowout. It is often seen in many organization that profits have been kept at priority and there is no investment in safety procedur e and on board training of the workers to deal with such hazards (The Huffington Post, 2011). Maintenance issues- Maintenance refers to the timely reviewing the workplace structure, equipment and machines. Authorities are responsible to undertake maintenance work on a frequent basis so as to provide any future accidents at workplace and to ensure safety of the workers. During the explosion there were maintenance issues which needed to be fixed but were completely ignored by the authority. Also as earlier stated that the safety device was not working was a long known fact to the management but still they didnt took any necessary action (The guardian, 2014). At the Texas City refinery explosion issues like broken alarms which didnt even rung at the time of fire. These are the basic issues which could have been addressed so that at least timely action could have been taken to minimize the damage. Sometimes small issues lead to big problems. It is the duty of the management to conduct a timely audit and immediately solve issues. Regular maintenance helps to eliminate workplace ha zards. It is not to be treated as just a statutory requirement but rather a responsibility of the employer to provide a safe workplace to their employees. Cost- In most of the organization even today the profit generation is seen as the ultimate motive. They take various steps to avoid any unnecessary expenditure. In many organization maintaining safety culture and to train the employees is considered as a waste of money and employers are not willing to spend on the safety of their employees, Individuals working at the workstation do not have the sufficient knowledge about the mitigation plan to be followed at the time of any accidents. The focus is kept on increasing the production but one thing should be kept in mind that it is not to be done against the lives of the workers. In the above three cases mentioned, two of them lacked the basic emergency equipment such as safety device and fire alarms were not working and it was in the knowledge of the management. To save a few dollars on the account of maintenance this resulted into a disaster and it caused much more after the explosions in terms of fines and penalties imposed on the vio lation of safety regulations. Effect of Workplace Accidents on Organization and Stakeholders Stakeholders are the people who get affected by the operations of the business. Business is the agent of the society and all the business operations should be carried out in keeping in the mind the best interest of the stakeholder, Stakeholders include shareholders, investors, customers and environment etc. Maintaining a healthy relationship with the stakeholders is the key to ensure the sustainability of the business in the long run. The direct impact of the activities of the business is reflected on its stakeholder (Steiner, 2012). In todays world the reason why organizations are more inclined towards practicing ethical business practices and fulfilling corporate social responsibility because they want to be identifies as the value driven organization, When any hazard or accidents occur in an organization, their safety culture and their business practices comes into scrutiny and it adversely affect the image of the shareholders. Financial cost: It is indeed a known fact that all business operates in order to earn competitive profits and outperform their competitors. Organization try to avoid and minimize their variable and fixed costs in order to save extra for the business. When there is any workplace hazard apart from the human life there is a huge financial loss to the organization. Insurance claims, compensations and penalties levy a huge financial burden on the shoulders of the organization. After the Texas city oil refinery explosion it was found out that OSHA imposed a fine of US$21 million but BP agreed to pay US$13 million for the damage (OSHA, 2012). In the oil rig disaster of 2010 the total damages were at the large scale but they paid around $1.1 billion to everyone who suffered due to this oil spill (Krauss, 2014). Apart from all of this there are several cases of claims are filed and are still pending. In order to avoid such huge losses it is very important the organization should follow hazard management techniques at workplace. Apart from bearing a huge financial loss due to their unsafe business practices and careless safety behavior, the another most important issues which was faced by the BP was the productivity of employees. The productivity of employees reduced drastically as there were many physical injuries along with mental trauma. As a result employees were not able to work in the right state of mind. The absenteeism rate was very because individuals working on the oil rigs and gas plants were severely injured and took time to recover. The employee turnover was also very high during that period because of the continuous accidents and disaster happening back to back within very less time gaps like three of their major accidents occurred in 2005, 2010 and 2012. As result BP was considered as one of the unsafe organizations to work for. Employers are the backbone of any organization, the true picture of organization culture is represented by the employees. High absenteeism rate and high turnover rate will give wrong reflection of organizations management practices. Effect on stakeholders- Employees are the first stakeholders of the organization, They ensure the smooth operations of the organization. In all the disasters occurred on the sites of BP there were around 27 workers who lost their lives. The other stakeholder of BP is environment, releasing poisonous gases in the air and spilling of crude oil in the gulf have adversely affected the habitats and the damage cannot be compensated. Talking about the other stakeholders which are the shareholders of the company are the real owners of the organization. They invest money and bear risk just to get a fair return of their value invested. Due to the oil spill tragedy the share prices of BP fell down by 55% from $59.48 to just $27 in June 2010. As a result many shareholders and investors lost their interest in investing money as a result shares were traded off to withdraw the money. The major impact company had was loosing their brand image, reputation and goodwill in the society. It has taken BP several years to rebuild their lost image in front of its stakeholders. Recommendations Hazards and accidents cannot be foreseen but they can be prevented and the damage can be minimized by maintaining a strong safety culture in the organization. The organization BP should try to maintain an informed culture in which every worker working on the oil rig should review their safety performance and accordingly make safety policies but the safety policies should be flexible enough to be effective in situation of an emergency (Keil, 2017). Safety leadership should also be promoted, a safety health inspector should be hired and should remain available on the site and continuously review the machinery and immediately fix any issues arising out of safety checks (Safe work Australia, 2017).The workers should be given a drill on the safety procedures to be followed in case of any emergency. Proper personal protective equipment should be provided to each and every individual and it should also be checked by the safety professionals. As it was mentioned that the safety alarms were n ot working should be checked on a frequent basis, at times such small thongs can prevent major accidents. Also regular audits by health organizations both government and private are to be hired in order to give an unbiased view about the safety culture of the organization. The duty of top level mangers is to make effective safety policies to prevent future hazards and allocate a budget for the implementation of safety policies but the main task lies in the hands of front line managers who are actually working on the oil refineries. Awareness about the safe behavior should be generated among them. A safe work culture, a hazard free workstation not only be feasible to the employer financially in the long run but it will also boost the morale of the employees because they will feel safe in the working environment and hence directly increasing the productivity. When the productivity of employees will be increased it will result into the efficiency in the output of the organization as a result investors will be interested in investing as the company is growing and achieving profits, A strong safety culture will not only ensure a safe workplace but also help the organization to be sustainable in the long run. References Barab, J. (2010). Testimony of Jordan Barab Deputy Assistant secretary for the Occupational safety and health administration. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=TESTIMONIESp_id=1182 on 14 February 2017. BP, (2017). BP at a glance. Beyond Petroleum. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/bp-at-a-glance.html on 14 February 2017. BP, (2017). Our brands. Beyond Petroleum. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/our-brands.html on 14 February 2017. BP, (2017). Our values. Beyond Petroleum. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/people-and-values/our-values.html on 14 February 2017. HSE. (2005). Human factors in the management of major accident hazards. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/topics/toolkitintro.pdf on 14 February 2017. Ingersoll, C., Reavis, C. Locke, M.R. (2012). BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010. Retrieved from https://mitsloan.mit.edu/LearningEdge/CaseDocs/10%20110%20BP%20Deepwater%20Horizon%20Locke.Review.pdf on 14 February 2017. Krauss, C. (2014). Halliburton to Pay $1.1 Billion to Settle Damages in Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/business/energy-environment/halliburton-to-pay-1-1-billion-to-settle-damages-in-gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill.html?_r=0 on 14 February 2017. McNulty, S. (2007). BP safety culture under attack. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/93ab6d7c-d65a-11db-99b7-000b5df10621 on 14 February 2017.( OSHA. (2012). BP Texas City Violations and Settlement Agreements. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dep/bp/bp.html on 14 February 2017. Rodenbaugh, D. Benjamin, S. (2012). Blast at BP station kills 1, hurts 2. The Durango Herald. Retrieved from https://durangoherald.com/articles/40598-blast-at-bp-station-kills-1-hurts-2 on 14 February 2017. Steiner, J. F. (2012). Business, government, and society: a managerial perspective. New York: McGrawHill Irwin. The guardian. (2014). Investigation into 2010 BP oil spill finds failures, poor testing and ongoing risks. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/05/bp-deepwater-horizon-spill-report-failures-risks on 14 February 2017. The Huffington Post. (2011). Regulatory Flaws, Repeated Violations Put Oil Refinery Workers at Risk. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/28/refinery-regulation_n_829005.html on 14 February 2017. The keil centre (2017) Safety culture model. The keil centre, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.keilcentre.co.uk/products-services/safe-people/safety-culture/safety-culture-maturity-model/ on 14 February 2017. The Telegraph, (2012). A history of BP's US disasters. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/9680589/A-history-of-BPs-US-disasters.html on 14 February 2017. Safe work Australia. (2017). Leadership and culture. Retrieved from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/australian-strategy/action-areas/leadership-culture/pages/leadership-and-culture on 14 February 2017.

Why Athletes are Role Models Essay Example

Why Athletes are Role Models Essay A role model is a person who is admired and emulated by many. The term role model was for the first time used by Robert Merton after he noted that people compared themselves with others. In sports, those athletes who perform to the expectations of the fans are taken as role models and are emulated by their fans. Role models are often under heavy scrutiny of the media and so the chances that their negative aspects of life are brought to the light are very high but despite this, they still shine as role models. Because of their outstanding skills and uniqueness when it comes to sports, they are admired by people of all ages, the young and the old. This research paper will try to bring an understanding to the question, why athletes are role models despite the fact that they are highly scrutinized by the media.Most athletes shine in areas where they are even not expected to shine. For example, when a certain popular athlete is involved in scandal he/she tends to become more popular becau se of the publicity he/she receives. People focus on what they have achieved in the past but not on that one single bad event. It is not by choice that athletes become role models but it is their status, wealth and determination that makes them admirable by the public and a case in hand is of Marion Jones who despite the fact that she tested positive to performance drugs and sentenced for six months, she still is a role model to many. People cannot forget the achievements and good things that have been by the said athlete in the past but this is only different when it comes to sports where achievements are based on ones extra ordinary character traits but in other fields it is different. (Lensky, 2008, 78-80)Most of the things that are done by athletes outside the field are not publicized as much as those done in the field but the fact is that, although they are not reported people cannot fail to recognize them. It is their virtues and character in general that make them who they ar e for example their diligence, sportsmanship, perseverance and the value of training that make them to be taken as role models by many people but according to Julian Morrow, some of the character traits that make them shine such as high temperedness and dare daring behaviors make up somebody who you cannot like to stay the next door. (Schaller, T. 2004)According to Putnam, (87) athletes occupy a unique position in the pantheon of celebrities and it is for this reason that they become famous. Unlike comedians, television presenters and actors who spend much of their time on stage and televisions to be popular, the case is different when it becomes to sports because here it is their sheer ability and hard work that counts. When people realize their uniqueness, they become attracted to them and even begin to emulate what they do or what they say.The mass media plays a very vital role in informing the public on what is happening in the sports’ field. According to various surveys that have been done in the past, (Lensky, 2008, 78) the number of people who rely on the media (television and internet) to know what is going on in sports are more than those that attend the live shows. Even some people who seem to know much about sports as if they attend these shows get that information from the media. For this reason the role that media plays cannot be down played for if it does not keep us posted, then we would know very little about sports.Many athletes who are successful have admirable and extra ordinary lifestyles because they have a lot of money and this makes them to be highly envied by their fans. Due to the scrutiny that they are given by the media they are forced to act in a more responsible manner rather than how they would have behaved behind the scenes. Some people even expect athletes to become role models in matters that do not pertain what they do in the field and this gives them a hard time to meet such expectations. Some people think that this is expecting too much. â€Å"†¦It is unfair to ask athletes to serve as role models because they live their lives in a kind of moral vacuum, created by years of pampered treatment from parents, friends, fans, coaches, team officials and agents. They are ill prepared for the task.†(Putnam, 80)The irony with the media’s close scrutiny of the athletes is that it can give a person who might not have gotten a chance to become role model to become one. Not all that the media airs is taken by the public no matter how positive or negative it is, in fact the final judgment as to who should become a role model or not lies with them. According to Putnam (80), Charles Berkley became a role model not because of his outstanding skills in sports but because of the simple reason that he initiated the public debate that was featured in the media many times. He was opposed to the role that athletes are given by the public as role models.In short, though athletes are heavily scrutiniz ed by the media, they are still seen as role models. It is true that almost everything that we come to know comes from the media but it is the people who know who their role model is. Media may try to paint dark the name of an athlete but still remain a role model again; this negative publicity might work to their advantage. Another thing that favors athletes despite the fact that they are always under the eyes of the media is that they too realize that they are being watched and thus they behave more responsibly than they would do in normal circumstances.

Free Essays on Airborne Express Company Overview

Airborne Express Company Overview In a highly competitive industry the structure of a firm is very important to its success. Today firms are moving away from the centralized structure of the past, and adopting a more decentralized structure (Management Challenge in the 21st Century P 315). The air express industry is no exception. FedEx, the leader in the air express industry since the late eighties, is also leading U.P.S. in the race to becoming decentralized. Airborne Express, is not even in the race. In order to compete in today’s changing environment, Airborne Express needs to move away from it old fashion centralized structure and form a more decentralized structure. The old fashioned structure is not the only variable that makes Airborne the follower in the air express industry. The Internet and information systems are transforming the air express market into an electronic commerce market, and Airborne needs to transform its operations to meet this growing market. This report describes the strengths and weakness of the organizational structure of Airborne Express. Furthermore, it also gives recommendations for future changes in Airborne Express. The first section of this report addresses how the organization of the firm evolved, and what changes are taking place structurally in its industry. The second section discusses labor issues in the air express industry and how they affect Airborne Express. The Third section addresses the growing electronic commerce market and how it’s affecting the industry and Airborne Express. 1)Structure of Airborne Express During the eighties many air express companies were formed and many were destroyed. However, three companies came out of this highly competitive period on top. They were FedEx, U.P.S. and Airborne Express. Airborne survived this highly competitive period by adapting to the external forces affecting Airborne was the size of the competition. U.P.S. and Fe... Free Essays on Airborne Express Company Overview Free Essays on Airborne Express Company Overview Airborne Express Company Overview In a highly competitive industry the structure of a firm is very important to its success. Today firms are moving away from the centralized structure of the past, and adopting a more decentralized structure (Management Challenge in the 21st Century P 315). The air express industry is no exception. FedEx, the leader in the air express industry since the late eighties, is also leading U.P.S. in the race to becoming decentralized. Airborne Express, is not even in the race. In order to compete in today’s changing environment, Airborne Express needs to move away from it old fashion centralized structure and form a more decentralized structure. The old fashioned structure is not the only variable that makes Airborne the follower in the air express industry. The Internet and information systems are transforming the air express market into an electronic commerce market, and Airborne needs to transform its operations to meet this growing market. This report describes the strengths and weakness of the organizational structure of Airborne Express. Furthermore, it also gives recommendations for future changes in Airborne Express. The first section of this report addresses how the organization of the firm evolved, and what changes are taking place structurally in its industry. The second section discusses labor issues in the air express industry and how they affect Airborne Express. The Third section addresses the growing electronic commerce market and how it’s affecting the industry and Airborne Express. 1) Structure of Airborne Express During the eighties many air express companies were formed and many were destroyed. However, three companies came out of this highly competitive period on top. They were FedEx, U.P.S. and Airborne Express. Airborne survived this highly competitive period by adapting to the external forces affecting Airborne was the size of the competition. U.P.S. and Fe...

Strategic Financial Management Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Financial Management Master - Essay Example Another school of thought believes that dividends are adverse for the average shareholder as they attract taxes and cause fiscal disadvantages. Last but not the least the third group lauds large dividends as positive signal to shareholders that all is well. So where does the modern shareholder satisfaction stand in relation to dividend policies This is the main issue which I will review in my paper below. This question relates to a consideration of the corporate dividend policy as to whether shareholders should be paid sufficient dividends or whether or not they are making sizeable profits on the stock market. Over the last half century academics have spoken in great depth over this issue and suggested conflicting theoretical frameworks to explain their points of view.(Frankfurter 2002).The problem is that these assertions often lack empirical depth to the criticism and stumble upon self contradictions in an attempt to explain corporate dividend behaviour.(Frankfurter 2002).Today academic opinion is divided as to whether dividends are attractive to shareholders and will have a positive impact in stock prices.(Frankfurter 2002 )Another school of thought contends that prices are negatively correlated with dividend payout levels.(Frankfurter 2002).The third view is that firm dividend policy is irrelevant in stock price valuation. (Frankfurter 2002).My paper will discuss and try to recon cile all these views towards a better theory and understanding of this issue. These views are best summed up as being based upon, the tax effect ( Litzenberger and Ramaswamy (1980),)Clientele effects explanations (Elton and Gruber, 1970), Agency theory explanations(Easterbrook 1984), Signalling models(John and Williams (1985), and psychological/sociological explanations (Frankfurter and Lane 1992). Frankfurter and Wood (2002) have even gone ahead to suggest that none of the dividend theories are unequivocally verified. Academics and theorists like (Adam Smith 1937) have recognised that there will always be agency costs related to taking care of shareholder priorities and controlling unruly management staff.(Corporate Governance issues). 2- Definitions and views from academics Dividend policy has a large bearing on agency costs and many academics have recognised this (Fama and Fama) but their belief that payments of large dividends would potentially compensate for the shareholders are often ignored during decision making in a company according to John and Kalay 1982 "Debt covenants to minimize dividend payments are necessary to prevent bondholder wealth transfers to shareholders .Although potentially substantial in precipitation of agency costs, its dividend policy is not a major source of bondholder wealth expropriation. In firms where dividend payouts are limited by bondholder covenants, dividend payout levels are still below the maximum level allowed by the constraints" (Frankfurter

Use of coconut oil as a renewable resource in 2050 Term Paper

Use of coconut oil as a renewable resource in 2050 - Term Paper Example There are different kinds of coconut oil, such as coconut oil from wet coconut and coconut oil from dry coconut. The technology, which is used to produce coconut oil, is well developed and medium scale industries use this type of technology. In daily human life, coconut oil is very important. Human beings can use this oil for their skin to reduce the dryness of the skin. As a renewable resource, the demand of coconut oil cannot be undermined, rather it needs to be proliferated in order to ascertain that the future generation can leverage the benefits of using various products that require the extensive use of oil to run. In the historical parlance, human beings used coconut oil and the coconuts as foods for thousands of years. Coconut oil is produced by the crushing copra that can be determined as the dried kernel, which consists of about 60 to 65% of oil. This oil has the natural sweetened taste of coconut and encompasses 92% of soaked fatty acids (Krishna & et. al., 2010). A majority of them are lower chains soaked acid, which is known as medium chain fatty acids. Everyone can use coconut oil as an important psychologically efficient food for diet (Schardt, 2012). It is thus defined as an essential food that provides health benefit and the basic nutrients. Coconut oil is one of the most easily digestible oils and can observe the fats. It will neither increase nor decrease the cholesterol level. In comparison with all other oil seeds, coconut oil has the highest productivity as well as consistency in production. Diverse kinds of coconut oil are also available, such as coconut oil from dry coconut, virgin coconut oil from wet coconut and coconut oil by solvent extraction method that is called refined oil (Krishna & et. al., 2010). The technology, which is used for production of coconut oil through mechanical method, is well developed while many medium scale industries use this method or technology to produce the coconut oil. Nevertheless, small- scale

Entrepreneurship Motivation Among Students Business Essay

Entrepreneurship Motivation Among Students Business Essay The Indian economy was previously highly depended on agriculture; however, the current development in the industrial and service sectors requires entrepreneurship to also parallely progress, so, entrepreneurship in India requires ample motivation. Many aspects play a role in developing entrepreneurship: Educational institutions help develop requisite qualities like leadership and team spirit, help in the development of business plans, and the gaining of financial support, besides setting up TBIs and EDCs. Established businesses can help with internship, apprenticeship, and collaborations. Small scale industrial associations can also act as facilitators in prototype labs, and expositions. It is the view of a number of first generation entrepreneurs that entering into entrepreneurship demands a lot of drive and passion. Not only is the entrepreneur expected to be inspired by the idea behind the business, but business man must also have ample leadership potential in order to be able to take the responsibility in case of failure. Role of educational institutions: What students posses? What is needed in an entrepreneur? Qualitative transformation required to be an entrepreneur Educational institutions must for this reason create leaders who are simultaneously both good team players, while at the same time being capable of exercising absolute control over their employees. With this view in mind educational institutions take active efforts to boost leadership skills through development of business plans, and conducting of best manager competitions. Various team-building games are also conducted. The concept of developing competitive business plans adds to the soundness of the plans, as each student would want to better upon the plans of the others. Students come from various backgrounds, and so those students from business families could assist students from non-business families in the development of their business plan. In this way even students who may not originally have been interested in business may be drawn into business as a result of their involvement with their business plan. Self-motivation is a slow process among Indian students, as compare to the youth in Western countries, where people begin work in their teens. Being conventionally risk-taking, western societies do not look to secured jobs, and are willing to experiment with different business enterprises. In India however, entrepreneurship is considered the preserve of a few hereditary business families, who posses the requisite business acumen. Educational institutions also lack behind in encouraging students to step into entrepreneurship as placement cells are often formed with the sole idea of only getting students into stable jobs, and a comparatively lesser emphasis is laid on the setting up of entrepreneurship development cells. Colleges should also take other steps such as the setting up of Entrepreneurship Development cells (EDCs), where people are called in the raise the awareness of students as regards the marked situation financial and other resolve available. College libraries must also be well stocked in books by renowned entrepreneurs, such as the books of Subroto Bacghi, which thorough light on the process through which the entrepreneurs have risen to the top. The lack of sufficient financial resources is another major hurdle faced by first generation entrepreneurs. Colleges step in this regard by sponsoring good business enterprises upto a stage when they are able to stand on their own feel and are well grounded. Initiative on the part of financial institutions, in giving business loans can give a further impetus to this endeavor. Educational institutions can play a role in connecting those students who have good business ideas, but lack financial resources with sponsers willing to finance them. Role of extant enterprises: The concept of internship is the crux of widespread entrepreneurship in foreign countries, and must be propagated in India also. Internship must be avidly encouraged among students at the college level itself, as students will be able to go through stints in various organizations, and form a clear picture of their interest and aptitudes. In this way, the business acumen possessed by the said business families can also be absorbed by those who do not belong to such families. Thus, the lack of confidence found in students, as result of dearth of industrial exposure can also be mitigated. The effectiveness of internship can be further enhanced by combining it with industrial visits to a varied variety of industries, in order to widen the scope of the students exposure. Interactive sessions, where students get to meet a large number of industry leaders can also be encouraged. Successful businessmen must also come forward to take up protà ©gà ©s and apprentices who can be groomed to succeed them. Role of business associations: Organizations like SIPCOT play an active role in the propagation of sound business plans and there by setting up the business. Educational institutions will profit by getting actively involved with such organizations in order to foster the growth of their students. Students can also be given a safe atmosphere in which to experiment with the implementation of their ideas if expositions are setup by small-scale industries associations where students can setup stalls, and market their prototypes to the people who come to visit the stalls. Awareness among educational institutions has also increased, and many colleges now have vibrant Technology Business Incubators (TBIs), which are connected to important industries. These industries carry out the ideas innovated upon by the students. Students are also allowed to directly interact with the industries where their ideas are implemented and can be principal part of the implementation process affording the students better clarity about the viability of their ideas, and awareness as to what and how changes are to be enacted to the idea. Other factors to enhance entrepreneurship: Another point to be kept in mind is that a business need not start big. An entrepreneur can always begin with a little organization based on a small idea and then diversify into numerous fields as new and innovative ideas come to him. Collaborations are also a good idea. Start-up entrepreneurs can begin with the small enterprise, in collaboration with a lager firm, so that they can receive financial support, and mergers are possible in the case of worst case scenario. In this regard, parental support plays a vital part as parents should encourage their children to follow their heart and go after their dreams, however big or small. The government can do its part by encouraging ancillary support to entrepreneurs from such sources as suppliers, retailers and distributors. Co-operatives can be formed among groups of suppliers, retailers, distributors, and businessmen, so that they can all work towards their common profit. The government has also nowadays become more liberal in its economic policies, providing more space to entrepreneurs. Risk-taking is a problem area for most first generation entrepreneurs. Many fist generation entrepreneurs do not have ample financial resources in order to be able to bare the brunt of heavy losses. This situation may be eased by setting up business on the basis of partnerships. This, not only distributes risk, but also leads to the sharing of ideas, and the best ideas can be selected after detail deliberation. E-commerce is now affording new entrepreneurs fresh pastures, as the investment on tangible assets in a web-based business is very limited, hence reducing the risk of huge financial losses. Education is a great benefit to students as it makes them more articulate, and so it helps the new-age entrepreneurs build a better rapport with customers, who are they life-blood of the organizations. Industrial training institutes formed the ideal atmosphere for motivating students to enter into entrepreneurship, as the scope of education at ITIs naturally gives the students the require technical know-how, which will help them fine-tune details at the grassroots level in the enterprise which they setup. In conclusion, India, a country which has produce business masterminds like JRD Tata, has the potential to develop entrepreneurial skills among its sizable working age population, which is slated to grow from 77.5 Crores in 2008 to 95 Crores in 2026, according to the 2008 -09 annual budget. Literature Review According to the prevailing literature, entrepreneurial behavior of any society is determined by different factors. These are social, personality and environmental factors (Gurol and Atsan, 2006). Social factors or demographic factors examine the personal background, family background, gender and the early experiences of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs, while the environmental factor model looks at the contextual factors such as the value of wealth, tax reduction and indirect benefits, timing opportunities in career process and the impact of market condition. Personality factors, widely known as trait model, focus on personality characteristics of entrepreneurs. Trait model rests on the assumption that entrepreneurs possess certain inherent characteristics, values and attitudes that provide an impetus for them and distinguish them from others. Personality Traits and Socio-demographic Background A number of personality traits, such as risk-taking propensity, the need for achievement, and locus of control, have been discussed as factors affecting peoples aspirations to start their own firms. Need for achievement McClellands need for achievement theory (1961) highly emphasized that need for achievement is one of the strongest psychological factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior. It is believed that individuals with a high need for achievement has a strong desire to be successful and are consequently more likely to behave entrepreneurially. Individuals, who have a strong need to achievement want to solve problems themselves, set targets and strive for these targets through their own efforts, demonstrate a higher performance in challenging tasks and are innovative in the sense in looking for new and better ways to improve their performance. Risk taking propensity A persons risk-taking propensity can be defined as his/her orientation towards taking chances in uncertain decision-making contexts. According to Cantillion (1775) the main factor in differentiating the entrepreneurs from employed workers was the uncertainty and risk taken by the former. It is believed that entrepreneurs prefer to take moderate risks in situations where they have some degree of control or skill in realizing a profit. Locus of control Another personality trait is locus of control. While individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they are able to control lifes events, individuals with an external locus of control believe that lifes events are the result of external factors, such as chance, luck or fate. The empirical evidence shows that small business entrepreneurs are more oriented at the internal level, than the population in general. The socio-demographic background refers to a persons social background and earlier experiences. It is revealed that the family, particularly, the father or mother, plays the most powerful role in establishing the desirability and credibility of entrepreneurial actions. It was found that significant relationship between small business work experience and interest in owning a small firm as compared to other types of work experience, past entrepreneurial experience may be more important for entrepreneurial success and for interest in an entrepreneurial career. The respondents whose parents owned a small business showed the highest preference for self employment and the lowest preference for organizational employment. By examining the relationship between demographic variables and entrepreneurial intention if was discovered that family background and gender did not contribute to entrepreneurial motivation but self employment experience was marginally supportive. The result indicated that a post graduate with entrepreneurship exposure was more likely to start a new business and have stronger entrepreneurial intentions than any other graduate. Entrepreneurial Intention Katz and Gartner (1988) define entrepreneurial intention as the search for information that can be used to help fulfill the goal of venture creation. They found that while 43% of Post Graduate preferred to be Self-Employed, only 7% showed real inclination to go ahead and step into entrepreneurship. Research Methodology This study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial characteristics of university students on the basis of data collected. The researcher assumed that certain entrepreneurial characteristics and their socio-demographic background motivates people to become entrepreneurs. A structured questionnaire was designed to gather the data required for this research. The research instrument covers socio-demographic variables, and entrepreneurial intention measures, along with such variables as, the need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, and locus of control. Sampling Design and Data Collection Procedure Students of the MBA department of Anna University, Coimbatore were surveyed. A questionnaire among 48 students and all the responses were found to be useable and relevant in the tabulation of data. Results and Discussions The results were found to be as follows: It was found that students from different social setups possessed different qualities. Students with business parentage were found to be strong in aspects of leading effectively and versatility. In fields of Competitiveness, taking initiatives, and having desire to create, students with employed parents were found to be capable. Students from agrarian setup were the ones most willing to innovate. According to gender classification, it was seen that women were willing to take the initiative, to compete forcefully. In all other respects, such as Innovation, Leadership, Desire to create and Versatility, the men were in the lead. In the measurement of other social demography variables Being well organized was rated at the highest, followed by Patience, then the ability to get along with peers. Perseverance, High level of energy and need to associate closely with others were on an equal footing. The survey also came to realize that the students were inherently highly self-confident. The students also display a desire to be self-reliant. Some showed a strong driving force, be it money or desire for power. The Propensity to take risks, however, was a quality which was discovered only in a third of the students and even fewer were willing to face uncertainties. Conclusion: Overall students displayed a high entrepreneurial intention in such aspects as innovation, the desire to take initiative and leadership potential. Men showed more entrepreneurship capacity, as compared to women. In personal traits, students were well-organized and patient. Though students are driven by ample self-confidence, their confidence suffers when it comes to taking risks and facing uncertainties. Thus it is to be understood that, though students already possess a reasonably good attitude but this attitude requires ample boosting in the sphere of risk-taking propensity. So, initiatives taken to protect entrepreneurs from risk will go long way in getting more students involved in entrepreneurship.

Point of sale system Essay

Introduction Most of this day the business organizations are using latest technology to ease their transaction and to improve their business process to another level. They are now applying computerized systems to their transactions according to their needs. Point of sale system is one of the most systems that are used of many businesses. It helps to improve the process and to fasten the transaction with the customers. Point of sale system is commonly used in fast food chain, pharmacy store, grocery store and some of the business that needs to monitor their transactions, sales and financial status. Creating a point of sale system of a facial care center can also improve their business transaction with their customers and can also help them to improve their business process. As the proponents see within the transaction of the Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center, they are using simple application but the feature of that application was very limited and prone for human errors that can cause of business conflict. The Proponents propose the Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System to help the facial care center in terms of security, reliability and accuracy of every transaction. From manual process, this system transforms the transaction into a modern way that will benefit a lot especially the cashier, employees, customers and the owner. Background of the study Most this days, many companies and businesses want to enhance and have a great technology to improve and make the jobs easily. A new generation comes, the point of sale system invented. Truly, it is so very helpful in companies and businesses locally and internationally. The Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System was created for the development of transaction for this facial care center. It will be used to help the business for a better and easy transaction. Also it has lot of features that surely help the business. Before, beau’ secret skin  essences facial care center doesn’t have a system. They using a manual computation, auditing, checking, sorting, finding and many more that was so embarrassing even they have hundreds of products. In addition, this proposed system will surely help the business to change from manual to automatic and over whelming transaction. Statement of the problem General Problem: The foregoing study aims to develop Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System that will serve as a tool of beau’ secret skin essences facial care center to enhance and to have a better transaction performance. Specific Problems: 1. Is Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System fulfilling the needs of the cashier and manager? 2. How Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System lessens the days of accounting, adjustments, and inventory and would help the business grow? 3. How Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System secure cash receipts, audit inventory away from the theft that wants to gather some data from the business? General Objective: To find useful tools that will help to make a complete and accurate point of sale system. Specific Objective: 1. It fulfills the needs of the user specifically the manager and cashier because it accommodates the common problems when it comes to transactions, business process and lessens the common human errors. 2. Point of sale would make audit easier. Less errors with a systemized way of reducing the days of audit into hours with just one click away. Adjustment would not require that much more anymore since everything is already arranged in the system ready for review. Gain in profit would be most likely. Since the system is already doing the compilation of all incoming and outgoing transactions with the supply of products, earned money and money lost in the process. This will definitely be beneficial for the growth of Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center. 3. In retail, it’s important to keep tight control over cash receipts to prevent theft. The Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System will provide log-in and password program. This is the best way to secure all audited files of the business that only the manager and administrator can open, check for status, add inventory, edit the audited files and print the files. Significance of the study The following persons are the beneficiaries of Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System. Manager – He / She will know the reliable result of total net, payouts and expenses of the business. Cashier – Less effort on calculating transaction. Proponents – The proposed study will be their guide and will help them to improve their skills and hard work. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Conceptual Framework Figure 1.1 Scope and limitations of the study Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System has its  own capacity and scope of operation as well as its own limitation and incapable to do. Scope The study can do easy and faster transaction, do printing like receipt using this system, saving list of the data and manage the sales of the facial care center. It can accept barcode reading and count the number of each product in inventory list and it has a meter percentage and message alert so that the user can check and be warned for their inventory list. It recognizes the availability of the stocks and inventory in the store. It will be friendly user and easy to understand the whole features inside of it. It is composed of textboxes, checkboxes and buttons, each of products will be arranged by group, it will be properly labeled accordingly. In addition, the system has a tool form where the register log-in account and settings of the system can be seen. It will work compatibly with the use of windows Microsoft from server 2008 up to windows 7. Limitations Only the administrator can operate the tools form of the system. The foregoing study does not require an internet connection. The barcode system can be performed by typing the item number. The foregoing study will only run with the use of Microsoft windows operating system and will be limited to other operating systems. Definition of terms The operational and technical terms that used for Beau’ Secret Skin Essences Facial Care Center Point of Sale System. Operational Terms Log – In – For Security of the system. User requires entering two important data, username and password. Inputs – Information fed into a data processing system or computer. Process – A series of actions or operations conducing to an end. Outputs – The information produced by the system. POS – The place where sales are made. On a micro level, retailers consider a point of sale to be the area surrounding the counter where customers pay. Technical Terms Visual Basic – The third generation event – driven. Programming – Programming language and integrated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model. IPO (Input Process Output) – one of the most fundamental designs patterns and makes perfect sense. HIPO (Hierarchical Input Process Output) – Technique which a tool for planning and/or documenting a computer program. It consist of hierarchy chart and IPO charts. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Local Literature EasyPos (DPos) Source: http://easypos.com.ph/ Findings: In this system, it has a barcode reader, monitors the log in and log out of the staff in time, monitors the inventory, can print receipt, computes the salary of each staff, automatically creates database for each customer and have the ability to handle specials and coupons. DPos is a Windows ® based point of sale system custom built for the retail industry, with a strong focus on the bar, restaurant, resort and hotel business models. Various login profiles allow for certain levels of access to utilities, maintenance and reports. Serving staff can be restricted to only placing orders, cashiers access to cash register, managers to reports and an administrator complete access to amend, add and delete items. SUPRA RETAIL PLUS v2013 Source: http://www.posworldphilippines.com/possoftwares.html Findings: This system has a report generator that helps the user to produce any kind of reports that is needed by the user. Supra Plus has been specifically developed the ultimate architecture of Windows-based Point of Sale (POS) system to satisfy various retail  requirements. Provide systems for Fast foods, Bars and Restaurants. SUPRA PLUS is an operating precision-engineered DELPHI Language programs designed exclusively to perform cash register operations on a computer. This compact and brilliantly constructed software product performs virtually every cashier operation known to Human with lightning speed and impeccable performance. SUPRA PLUS offers an exhaustive set of cash register features combined with the universal hardware connectivity, software accessibility, and computational speed that only DELPHI Language programming can deliver. Foreign Literature PosGuys Source: http://pos-systems-review.toptenreviews.com/pos-guys-review.html Findings: This point-of-sale company offers a large selection of POS hardware, software and supplies. It is also provides software for printing barcodes and managing inventory. According to Pamela S. Stevens, POS Guys offers both choice and flexibility. POS Guys provides everything for point-of-sale systems, from scales and kitchen monitors to age verifiers. POS Guys is one of the best full-service point-of-sale hardware and software providers online that offers a choice of components. The company offers numerous all-in-one systems, a wide range of hardware, a choice of popular POS software and three hardware support plans. In addition, you are not required to enter a payment processing agreement to obtain an affordable POS solution, so you have the freedom to shop around for the best rates. POS Guys is perfect for business owners who have a bit of startup capital and want the freedom to shop around for the best payment processor. Accupos Source: http://pos-systems-review.toptenreviews.com/accupos-review.html Findings: The system provides propriety software solutions for retail stores, grocers, restaurants, quick-service restaurants and bars. They also provide mobile POS software for Android devices and line-item accounting software integration. AccuPOS does not skimp on hardware. All full systems arrive with a touch screen PC, cash drawer, card reader and receipt printer. Retail POS bundles include barcode scanners. The retail entry-level version includes a single-line barcode scanner, while the deluxe version has an omnidirectional scanner and the grocery package includes an in-counter 52-line omnidirectional scanner. All but the entry-level system also include customer displays. This POS service’s accounting integration product, called AccuLink, is a unique tool. Most POS software can export CSV files and reports and accept CSV files of inventory or customer lists. Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies Much of the literature agrees that point of sale system is helpful, makes business transaction faster and easy and monitors everything in the business. According to EasyPos (Dpos) the point of sale system has various login profiles allow for certain levels of access to utilities, maintenance and reports. Serving staff is only allowed in order placing, managers to reports and administrator to maintenance. According to Supra Plus the point of sale system can generate any kind of reports that is needed by the user. PosGuy mentioned the point of sale system can print and read barcode. Accupos mentioned that the database of the point of sale can be backup and restored. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Method to be use in developing the system In this concept it focuses on the components and elements of a structure or a system and unifies them into a coherent and functional whole, according to a particular approach in achieving the objectives under the given constraints or limitations. The proponent’s software development may be used to refer to the activity of computer programming, which is the process of writing and maintaining the source code, but in a broader sense of the term it includes all that is involved between the conceptions of the desired software through to the final manifestation of the software, ideally in a planned and structured process. Cash Purchase Customer Data Cash Flow Reports Stock Storage Input Data Figure 3.0 Context Flow Diagram Figure 3.1 Entity Relationship Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram The entity relationship diagram is a data modeling technique that graphically illustrates an information system’s entities and the relationships between those entities. In this diagram it shows the customers pay their bill while listing correspondent detail for the cashier that would input in the system then inform the owner whether the input is correct then the owner can update the data. Software Prototyping Model Prototyping Model is a systems development method (SDM) in which a prototype is built, tested and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved. Prototyping is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems for which there is no manual process or existing system to help determining the requirements. In such situations letting the client â€Å"plan† with the prototype provides invaluable and intangible inputs which helps determining the requirements for the system. It is also an effective method to demonstrate the feasibility of a certain approach. This might needed for novel systems where is not clear those constraints can be met or that algorithms can be developed to implement the requirements. The process model of the prototyping approach is shown in the figure. Figure 3.2 Prototyping Model of Software Development System Analysis The phase where all possible system requirement to be developed are identified. System requirement are those set of functional and non-functional that the end-user expects from the system. There are tools in gathering the requirements, consultations, interviews, research, etc. The goal of this phase is to determine how this requirement will be accommodated in the system. There should be broad communication between the customer and the developer. Finally, a requirement specification document is created to serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. System Design Once all the requirements have been collected and analyzed, this time is to identify the system will be constructed to carry out their task. The system has to be properly designed before any implementation is started. This phase is focused on the data requirements, software construction and the system interfacing. This phase is also will define the hardware and software needed. The aim of this phase is to generate a system architecture document that serves as an input for the software design phase of the development, but also as an input for hardware design or selection activities. Respondents of the study The respondents of the study include the employees wherein the proponents prepare a set of carefully prepared and logically ordered questions. This respondent focuses on the company’s employees for a very important in a sense that this study is all about them. Primary User The primary user of the proponents is the cashier of facial care center that is responsible of selling and the one who are knowledgeable enough to answer  the problem. Secondary User The secondary user of the proponents is the owner of the facial care center that are more knowledgeable that can answer more detailed to the questions ask by the customers. The owner helps the employee to clarify and distinguish the gather data in the system. System Flow Chart Diagram Bibliography The Importance of Technology http://voices.yahoo.com/advantages-technology-education-12209998.html http://www.shelbyed.k12.al.us/schools/rms/faculty/wrodgers/technology%20int/students.html EasyPos (DPos) Point of sale system http://easypos.com.ph/ SUPRA RETAIL PLUS v2013 Point of sale system http://www.posworldphilippines.com/possoftwares.html POSGuys Point of sale system http://pos-systems-review.toptenreviews.com/pos-guys-review.html AccuPOS Point of sale system http://pos-systems-review.toptenreviews.com/accupos-review.html The Entity Relationship Diagram http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model The Prototyping Model http://www.google.com/search?=q=prototyping+model http://www.thecorner.org%252Fcengin%52Fpromodel

Reflective Essay- First day of school Essay

Approaching the intimidating building that holds the future of not only the rest of my high school career, but my entire life, I continue to feel a longing for my old school. I wish for my old friends who I know will recognize me and jump to greet me; my old routine that I grew so accustomed to. But none of that matters now. All that matters is that I currently feel like a â€Å"nobody† and I’m certain that is all that I’ll feel for the next two agonizing years of my life. see more:write about your first day at school Is it just my imagination, my insecurities flooding my brain, or is everyone staring at me as I walk down this hallway? I can feel eyes piercing me as â€Å"the new girl† nervously walks down the hall. I don’t know where to go, and even worse, I don’t know who to ask for help. I’ve always had tons of friends; I’ve always felt like I’ve had a place at school, but now everything has done a complete 180. My mom’s piece of advice was to â€Å"just think positive†, but I don’t find that possible while I’m roaming around in an unflattering, frumpy uniform feeling like a clueless fool. I don’t know if I want to cry to my parents and have them make it â€Å"all better†, or if I just have burning resentment toward them from yanking me from the school I really belong at. I never knew how much a simple smile from a stranger would mean to me until I felt completely lost. I began to wake up a little bit from my little pity party and actually notice that there are quite a few friendly faces around this place. I even made a few friends, I guess you could say. My mind continues to bring me back to thoughts of how much I miss my old friends and public school, but my mindset starts to shift a tiny bit once I get more familiar with the place and the people around me. The time of the day finally comes that I’ve been dreading the most†¦ lunch. I pictured myself as one of those loners who sits in the corner by themselves. What I really want right now is my old lunch table crammed with eight or so friends to be waiting to greet me, but instead I’ll have no one. â€Å"Hey, Grace! It’s Waffle Wednesday; remember? Let’s go get some waffles with extra whipped cream before it’s all gone!!† My old buddies and I never missed Waffle Wednesday at my old school. Well guess what? There are no more Waffle Wednesdays. There are no more old friends. There’s no more old school. I snap out of my daydream, grab my brown paper lunch bag, and shuffle toward the new cafeteria†¦ really slowly, hoping to procrastinate and waste a couple minutes. My stomach hurts after lunch, and you would never guess why. A couple of the friendliest and brightest faces came right up to me and welcomed to sit with them at lunch. They seemed so genuine, as if they actually wanted to get know me. That is the last thing I expected all day. I mean, I did come across a few nice people, but I never thought anyone would actually want to sit with the anonymous, shy, timid girl during lunch. As I was saying, my stomach hurt from laughing so much during lunch. A stomachache induced by a laughing fit is undeniably the best kind of stomachache. Not only was I invited to sit with some people, but they were extremely kind, and on top of that, they were hilarious. I can actually say that I made friends today who I plan to sit with at lunch every day from now on. I walked in with no friends today, and I can say that I ended the day with two. It may not seem like a lot, but it’s only day one and there are so many more days to get to know new people. My mom’s advice to â€Å"just think positive† didn’t seem too promising when there seemed to be a giant raincloud over my head. I was so self-absorbed in my own dread that I was much too consumed to look up and gain a new perspective of everything around me. When I was closed-off and had a pessimistic attitude, I cheated myself of so many good opportunities. I noticed that once I began to lighten up and exude a sense of optimism, I started to attract positive energy. I see this new school as more of an opportunity instead of a torture chamber. I can do anything with this opportunity that I want; I can make it an unpleasant and dreadful experience, or I can make it something fun and exciting, all depending on my attitude. I know what it feels like to feel lonely; so now I’m going to be that stranger who offers a kind smile and potentially brightens that person’s day. It’s only day one of my journey, so I have quite a while to make my impact. I still may have a tad bit of distaste for the frumpy uniforms, but at least I can say that I’m able to make the best of my days here.